Fourth Plinth Commission 2014
Exhibition
of Proposals for the Fourth Plinth, Trafalgar Square, London, to be exhibited
2014
St Martin-in-the-Fields 25th September to 17th
November 2013
Marcus Coates has proposed to place a large replica
of ‘The Eagle’, a rocky outcrop situated in Brimham Rocks, Yorkshire on the
plinth; Trafalgar Square is almost entirely fashioned from stone, sourced from
all over Britain and manipulated into buildings, pillars and statues by the
will of architects, designers and sculptors. Marcus Coates plans to contrast
these symbols of rational progress with a huge replica of a gritstone outcrop
created hundreds of millions of years ago in Yorkshire by the natural forces of
ice, wind and rain. Its form suggests a face or a bird, as we automatically try
to make sense of the organic shapes that emerge and retreat as we walk around
it, and invest it with human qualities or mythical powers. It would be a
monument to non-human creativity and a totem of timeless, irrepressible powers.
Coates makes
videos, performances and installations that are in turn sublime and humorous,
asking audiences and participants to explore their imaginations in ways they
might not ordinarily. Communing with animal and bird spirits, emulating their
movements or transmitting their calls and cries, the artist attempts to answer
questions on how we can live in urban societies. His observations might strike
a chord with his audiences through metaphor, or through the sheer desire to
make sense of a disordered universe.
David Shigley’s design, Really Good, is a 10-metre-high thumbs-up,
cast in the same dark patina as the other statues in the square; A giant hand
in a thumbs-up gesture, and with a really long thumb at that, must mean that
something, somewhere, is really good. But what is that something and where is
it? Is it Trafalgar Square? Or all of London? Or maybe the artwork itself? And
if it’s so good, why is that? Who says so? And will we agree?
Really Good would be cast in bronze with the same dark patina as the other statues
in the Square, the comic extension of the thumb bringing it up to ten metres in
height. Shrigley’s ambition is that this will become a self-fulfilling
prophecy; that things considered ‘bad’, such as the economy, the weather and
society, will benefit from a change of consensus towards positivity.
Shrigley’s
daily tirade of satirical vignettes takes the British tradition of satire into
three and four dimensions. In his drawings and animations protagonists express
their dark impulses and are subject to the violence and irrationality of life,
while his sculptures are often jokes in 3D form, reflecting the absurdity
of contemporary society.
Hans Haacke has created a skeletal, riderless horse that will
display the live ticker of the London Stock Exchange on an electric ribbon tied
to its leg; Instead of the statue of William III astride a horse, as originally
planned for the empty plinth, Hans Haacke proposes a skeleton of a riderless,
strutting horse. Tied to the horse’s front leg is an electronic ribbon which
displays live the ticker of the London Stock Exchange. The horse is derived
from an etching by George Stubbs, whose studies of equine anatomy were
published the year after the birth of the reputedly decadent king, whose statue
was abandoned due to a lack of funds. Haacke’s proposal makes visible a number
of ordinarily hidden substructures, tied up with a bow as if a gift to all.
Haacke’s
early work employed physical and organic processes, such as condensation, in
what he called ‘systems’, until his focus shifted to the socio-political field
of equally interdependent dynamics. For the last four decades Haacke has been
examining relationships between art, power and money, and has addressed issues
of free expression and civic responsibilities in democratic societies. Haacke’s
practice is difficult to categorise, moving from object to image to text, from
painting to photography, at times of a provocative nature.
Liliane Lijn’s proposal shows two identical kinetic cones made of
brushed anodised aluminium engaged in a mesmerising dance; Rather than one
imposing sculptural object, Liliane Lijn’s proposal The Dance features
the complex changing relation between two apparently identical objects. The
cone is a ubiquitous abstract form that occurs in mathematical, mythical and
astronomical systems. Here the cones also relate to the spire of St.
Martin-in-the-Fields, while their gleaming metallic surfaces recall the
machinery of space travel. Once The Dance begins, formal geometry
gives way to sensual movement and we become mesmerised by the energy of the
interaction.
The shifting
shapes and interactions of The Dance are an extension of Lijn’s interest
in combining energy and matter, language and light. Her small and large-scale
kinetic installations often use technologies such as laser cutting,
programmable electronics and aerogel, a material used by NASA to capture
stardust. Lijn’s Poemcons and Poem Machines, rotating cones and
drums bearing evocative words and phrases, offer tantalising fragments of
meaning and insight, while ultimately falling apart in the mind.
Ugo Rondinone’s Moon Mask is an aluminium, abstract sentinel facing
out over the square; Ugo Rondinone’s MOON MASK, modelled expressively by
hand, enlarged, cast in aluminium, and fixed to a pole, would be an abstract
sentinel facing out over the square. MOON MASK seemingly refers to many
visual traditions – perhaps the folk art of an ancient clan or early 20th
century Cubism, which was itself influenced by African tribal masks – and yet
it makes no specific claims for its origin. The eventual work would inspire
free association, its three window-like apertures suggesting portals through
which cultural references and individual emotions can tumble at will.
Rondinone’s
preoccupation with time - at the cosmic scale as well as that of art history
and everyday experience - often finds form in abstract imagery intended to
connect the sublime with the everyday. His optically shimmering mandala
paintings, for example, re-use the geometric Buddhist symbol for eternity.
Elsewhere figures made from stacked, roughly hewn cubes of rock seem to express
an ancient sense of awe in the face of nature, while also offering a range
of contemporary readings from the psychological to the comical.
Mark Leckey has designed a creature made of amalgamated
elements of the permanent statues in Trafalgar Square, including details from
the statues of James II, Admiral Jellicoe, the water fountain, and the Fourth
Plinth itself. Mark Leckey has riffed on elements
traditionally found carved in marble or cast in bronze, including scrolls,
coats of arms and a sword in its scabbard for Larger Squat Afar (an
anagram of Trafalgar Square).
“I believe the
proposal reflects how we now approach the world in the 21st century.
Because of current technology, objects and artefacts are no longer these fixed,
permanent things. Instead we look at any sculpture, object or image and
ask, what can I do with that? How can I change it to suit my desires?”
Larger Squat Afar is an anagram of ‘Trafalgar Square’, and Mark Leckey’s chimera is
itself an amalgam of elements lifted from all the statues found in the square.
Details of James II, the water fountain, Admiral Jellicoe and the plinth itself
are enmeshed into a single figure, which, while appearing absurd illustrates
the compound history of both people and place. Fabricated using 3D laser
scanning and printing technology, Larger Squat Afar embodies the power
of the digital to overcome the physical and to fulfill the more monstrous
capacities of the human imagination.
Leckey
frequently looks to the mediated nature of public and private environments, in
which imagery is employed to transcend the mundane. Collage and animation
techniques are used in videos and sculptures, where the hidden is made
explicit, desires are expressed and obscure personal narratives are revealed.
It is digital platforms, above all else, that signal the contemporary for
Leckey, where even the inanimate object can appear to communicate to us at
will.
ARTIST
BIOGRAPHIES
Marcus
Coates
Born 1968 in
London. Lives and works in London.
Marcus
Coates makes videos, performances and installations that attempt to answer
questions about how we live in urban societies. He has had recent solo
exhibitions at South Alberta Gallery, Canada (2012); and Milton Keynes Gallery
(2010). Recent public art projects include Create London (2013) and Vision
Quest: a ritual for Elephant & Castle (2012). Coates has also performed at
Port Eliot Festival, Cornwall; Mori Art Museum, Tokyo; Kunsthalle Zurich;
Barbican Art Gallery, London; and Hayward Gallery, London.
Hans Haacke
Born 1936 in
Cologne. Lives and works in New York.
For the last
four decades Hans Haacke has been examining the relationships between art,
power and money, and has addressed issues of free expression and civic
responsibilities in democratic societies in his work. He works in many
different mediums including painting, photography and written text. He has had
recent solo exhibitions at Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, Madrid
(2012); MIT List Visual Arts Centre, Cambridge, MA (2011); X-Initiative, New
York (2009); and Akademie der Künste, Berlin (2006). Haacke’s work has been
included in four Documentas and numerous biennials around the world. He shared
a Golden Lion Award with Nam June Paik for the best pavilion at the 45th Venice
Biennale (1993), and in 2000 he unveiled a permanent installation in the
Reichstag, Berlin.
Mark Leckey
Born 1964 in
Birkenhead. Lives and works in London.
Mark
Leckey’s work explores the mediated nature of public and private environments,
often working collage and animation techniques into his video and sculptural
work. He has had recent solo exhibitions at The Hammer museum, Los Angeles
(2013); Banff Centre, Alberta (2012); Serpentine Gallery, London (2011); Abrons
Art Centre, New York (2009); and Kölnischer Kunstverein, Cologne (2008). Leckey
curated the Hayward Touring show ‘The universal addressability of dumb things’
(2013) and was awarded the Turner Prize in 2008.
Liliane Lijn
Born 1939 in
New York. Lives and works in London.
Internationally
exhibited since the 1960s, with works in numerous collections including Tate,
the British Museum, and the V&A, and FNAC, Paris, Lijn is best known for
her kinetic sculptures and her work with language and light. Recent exhibitions
include Light Years at Sir John Soane’s Museum, London (2011); Gallery One, New
Visions Centre, Signals, Indica at Tate Britain, London (2012); Ecstatic
Alphabets/Heaps of Language at MoMA, New York (2012); and Cosmic Dramas, mima,
Middlesborough. Recent public commissions include Solar Beacon, a sci-art
installation of heliostats on the towers of the Golden Gate Bridge; and Light
Pyramid, a beacon for the Queen’s Jubilee, which was commissioned by Park Trust
and MK Gallery, Milton Keynes.
David
Shrigley
Born 1968 in
Macclesfield. Lives and works in Glasgow.
David
Shrigley’s work draws on the British tradition of satire, creating drawings,
animations and sculptures that reflect the absurdity of contemporary society.
He has had recent solo exhibitions at Bradford 1 Gallery (2013); Cornerhouse
Gallery (2012), Hayward Gallery, London (2012); Yerba Beuna Centre for the
Arts, San Francisco (2012); and Kelvingrove Museum, Glasgow (2010). Shrigley’s
Sort of Opera: Pass the Spoon was performed at Tramway, Glasgow, and Southbank
Centre, London (2011 – 12), and he has been nominated for the Turner Prize
2013.
Ugo
Rondinone
Born 1964 in
Brunnen, Switzerland. Lives and works in New York.
Ugo Rondinone
is a mixed-media artist whose work explores themes of fantasy and desire. He
has had recent solo exhibitions at M Museum, Leuven (2013); Art Institute of
Chicago (2013); Common Guild, Glasgow (2012); Museum of Cycladic Art, Athens
(2012); and Aargauer Kunsthaus, Aarau (2010). Rondinone has created public
commissions for the Rockefeller Plaza, New York; the IMB Building, New York;
and Louis Vuitton, Munich. He represented Switzerland in the 52nd Venice
Biennale (2007).